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Quadragesimo anno : ウィキペディア英語版
Quadragesimo anno

''Quadragesimo anno'' (Latin for “In the 40th Year”) is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical ''Rerum novarum''. Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He describes the major dangers for human freedom and dignity arising from unrestrained capitalism and totalitarian socialism/communism. He also calls for the reconstruction of the social order based on the principle of solidarity and subsidiarity.
Essential contributors to the formulation of the encyclical ''Quadragesimo anno'' were the German Jesuits, Roman Catholic theologians and social philosophers Gustav Gundlach and the ''Königswinterer Kreis'' through one of its main authors Oswald von Nell-Breuning.
==Changes since ''Rerum novarum''==

Pope Pius XI issued his encyclical exactly forty years after ''Rerum novarum''. In the interim there were other papal statements from Leo XIII, and also the encyclical ''Singulari Quadam'' of Pope Pius X. Pius XI subtitled his encyclical ''Reconstruction of the Social Order''. In the first part he reviews and applauds the encyclical of his predecessor. The Church can be credited with participating in the progress made and contributing to it. It developed a new social conscience.〔''Quadragesimo anno'', 16–40〕

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